FNAC diagnosis of salivary gland lesions with histopathological correlation.

Introduction: The salivary gland lesions are relatively common clinical problems and range from non neoplastic lesions like sialadenitis and cysts to benign and malignant tumors of different malignant potential. FNAC is generally first diagnostic test in such patients. The objective of current study was to study the age, sex and site distribution of salivary gland lesions, and to analyze sensitivity and specificity of FNA diagnosis of salivary gland tumors by correlating with histopathological examination whenever available. Method: FNAC of all 90 patients was done using 22-gauge needle and 10 ml syringe applying negative pressure. Smears were either wet fixed or air dried and stained by H & E and Giemsa stain respectively. The histopathological specimens when available were fixed overnight in 10% formalin, processed using automatic tissue processor, stained with routine H & E stain and special stain if required and reported by a pathologist without prior knowledge of FNA diagnosis. Sensitivity & specificity of FNA diagnosis of salivary gland tumors were then analyzed. Results and conclusion: A total of 90 cases of salivary gland lesions were diagnosed on FNA, showing an overall male predominance with male to female ratio being 1.43:1. The maximum incidence of salivary gland lesions was observed in IV decade of life in both male and female patients. There were 36 (40%) non neoplastic and 54 (60%) neoplastic lesions which included 42 (46.7%) benign and 12 (13.3%) malignant neoplasm. Parotid gland was the commonest affected site, followed by submandibular and minor salivary glands but malignant lesions were commoner in minor salivary glands followed by Parotid gland. 49 cases in which histopathological correlation was available, there were 9 non neoplastic and 40 neoplastic lesions. There was no false positive diagnosis but one false negative diagnosis. Overall sensitivity and specificity of FNAC of salivary gland tumors were 97.5 and 100% respectively, thus FNAC is quite useful in diagnosing salivary gland lesions.

Histopathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies - A retrospective study.

Objective: Worldwide gastrointestinal malignancies are a leading cause of both mortality and morbidity with marked epidemiological differences in various geographic and ethnic populations. The objective of current study was to study the prevalence, age and sex distribution and to analyze variations in histopathological lesions of gastrointestinal malignancies. Method: The entire specimens were fixed overnight in 10% formalin, processed using automatic tissue processor and stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results and conclusion: Total 98 cases of gastrointestinal malignancies were analyzed; out of these, total 61 were male patients while 37 were female patients with overall male to female ratio of 1.65:1. The commonest affected age group was 46-60 years with more than 50% cases of gastrointestinal malignancies in this age group. The youngest patient was 14 years of age while the oldest was 92 years old. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histopathological diagnosis with 70 cases followed by 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. We also found cases of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumour, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, carcinoid tumour and malignant melanoma at different anatomical location of gastrointestinal tract.

Electrophoresis pattern in clinically and hematologically suspected cases of haemoglobinopathies.

Objective: Haemoglobinopathies are a group of disorders with structural or quantitative variation in normal hemoglobin structure. There are various identified haemoglobinopathies worldwide, among these sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia are prevalent in Gujarat. Both of them are associated with marked morbidity and mortality.Method: Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a low cost method helpful in early diagnosis of many of these haemoglobinopathies. In current retrospective study- 33 cases of clinically and hematological suspected cases of haemoglobinopathies were subjected for hemoglobin electrophoresis on agarose gel at pH 8.6. Result and conclusion: Out of 33 suspected cases 13 cases of thalassemia major, 10 cases of sickle cell anemia and 7 cases of sickle cell trait were diagnosed with varying degree of clinical and hematological findings.

FNAC of gouty tophi--a case report.

A 52 yrs old male presented with multiple, painless, firm nodules over extremities, which were mimicking benign neoplastic lesion. Fine needle aspiration was performed from three such nodules which revealed chalky white aspirate. After staining the smears with H&E and Giemsa stains, smears show amorphous pink material, needle shaped crystalline structures, many macrophages and foreign body type giant cells. A diagnosis of gouty tophi was offered which was confirmed by histopathology and serum uric acid level.

Study of semen analysis and testicular biopsy in infertile male.

A study of semen analysis and testicular biopsy was done in 50 infertile males. Semen analysis and testicular biopsy form important screening tools. Commonest age group affected was 21-40 years with sterility of 2-6 years duration. Smoking or tobacco chewing for longer periods may change semen quality. On semen analysis, 52 percent cases had azoospermia, 46 percent cases had oligospermia and 02 percent cases had normal count. Among oligospermics and normospermics, majority had more than 50 percent motility. Conditions like varicocele, undescended testis, inflammation can lead to hypospermatogenesis; the lesion is most common with 26 percent incidence. Though the specific reason of sertoli cell only is not known, it is also common with 26 percent incidence. Second most common finding was atrophy with 18 percent incidence, which may be acquired due to history of trauma, exposure to high temperature, habits of tobacco chewing and/or smoking or inflammatory conditions.